Resumo A importância do alojamento operário na transição do século XIX para o século XX, nomeadamente da Vila Operária – estilo que proliferou e assumiu alguma diversidade tipo-morfológica na cidade de Lisboa – prende-se com o testemunho histórico, político e urbanístico que este representa no processo evolutivo da cidade. Essa tipologia, frequentemente considerada como um exemplo de proto-habitação social, que viu reconhecido o interesse patrimonial, em 1990, pelo Grupo de Trabalho e Estudo dos Pátios e Vilas da Cidade de Lisboa e, em 1993, pelo Plano de Pormenor de Salvaguarda dos Pátios e Vilas, tem sido sujeita a medidas de proteção isoladas ou fragmentadas que não têm permitido a efetiva salvaguarda dos imóveis. O presente trabalho contextualiza o início da habitação operária na cidade de Lisboa nos âmbitos social, econômico e político, realça a sua importância na evolução do modo de habitar a cidade e identifica e cruza as diversas medidas legais de proteção a que essa tipologia de patrimônio cultural tem sido sujeita. De um conjunto inicial de 340 habitações com características de habitação operária, foram analisadas 26 Vilas Operárias, recorrendo a representações digitais tridimensionais e a ferramentas de análise espacial em ambiente de Sistemas de Informação Geográfica 3D (SIG3D).

Abstract The relevance of work force housing in the transition of the XIX century to the XX century, namely the work force Village, thrived and assumed some diversity in its morphology-types in the city of Lisbon. Along with the historic, politic and urbanistic testimony of the evolutive process of the city development, it is possibly an example of proto-social housing. Their heritage relevance was recognized in 1990 by the Work and Study Group of ‘Patios’ and ‘Villages’ of the city of Lisbon, and in 1993 by Detail Safeguard Plan for the ‘Patios’ and ‘Villages’. The paper describes the beginning of the work force housing in the Lisbon city from a social, economic and political point of view, and emphasizes its importance in the evolution of a way of inhabiting the city. We identify the legal framework for architectonic heritage protection, to which this typology has been subjected. We analyzed 26 out of 340 work force housing study cases, based on four criteria – toponymy, period of construction, recipients and morphology type. We verified the current levels of heritage protection, using 3D digital representations and spatial analysis tools in a 3D Geographic Information Systems (3DGIS) environment.

As antocianinas, pigmentos responsáveis pela cor vermelha das uvas, são facilmente degradadas por vários mecanismos de reação, através da ação do oxigênio, enzimas, pH e temperatura, entre outras variáveis. Neste trabalho, um sistema modelo de geleia foi desenvolvido utilizando extrato de uva das variedades Bordô e Merlot e polissacarídeos (gomas xantana e locusta) em diferentes temperaturas (45, 55 e 65 °C). A estabilidade dos pigmentos antociânicos e o comportamento reológico foram estudados. Para a determinação da estabilidade, calculou-se o tempo de meia-vida (t½) e a constante velocidade de reação (primeira ordem) (k). Para o comportamento reológico, as constantes foram determinadas utilizando-se o modelo matemático Power law. O sistema modelo desenvolvido que utiliza a temperatura de 45 °C mostrou os melhores resultados para o t½ das antocianinas. Os valores de k para os tratamentos 45, 55 e 65 °C não foram significativos (p > 0,05). Observou-se que com o aumento da temperatura de desenvolvimento do sistema modelo de geleia houve um aumento no índice da consistência.

Anthocyanins are the pigments responsible for the color of most red grapes and are easily degraded following various reaction mechanisms affected by oxygen, enzymes, pH, and temperature among other variables. In this study, a jam model system was developed using Merlot and Bordô grape extracts and polysaccharides (xanthan and locust bean gums) and different temperatures (45, 55 and 65 °C). The stability of the anthocyanin pigments and the rheological behavior of the jam model system were studied. For the determination of the stability, the half-life time and first-order reaction rate constants for the anthocyanin pigments were calculated. The rheological behavior was determined through the Power law model. The jam model system produced using a temperature of 45 °C showed the best results for the anthocyanin half-life time. The first-order reaction rate constants for the 45, 55, and 65 °C treatments were not significantly different among each other (p > 0.05). It was observed that with an increase in the jam model system temperature there was an increase in the index of consistency.

The wine grape (Vitis vinifera) cv. Cabernet Sauvignon has recently been introduced at a 1160 m altitude in the São Joaquim área (Santa Catarina State, Southern Brazil). The aim of this work was to evalúate the maturation of Cabernet Sauvignon grapes subjected to a Y training system or a vertical shoot positioning trellis (VSP). Grapes were sampled at 10-day intervals throughout their maturation during two consecutive vintage years (2004-2005 and 2005-2006). Climate data were assessed. Based on the results obtained in both vintage years at maturity, titratable acidities (TA) ranged from 0.67 to 0.85 g-100 mL-1 of tartaric with the pH fluctuating between 3.49 and 3.77. The maturation Índex (total soluble solids/TA) at maturity ranged from 26 to 35, and was always higher for berries from the VSP system. Significant differences were observed for the anthocyanin content (TMA) and total polyphenol Índex (TPI) valúes that may be attributed to differences in vintage year and climate conditions. Climatic conditions strongly influenced the grape quality, and it is important to note that São Joaquim is a warm región according to the Winkler scale, with 1668-1944 GDD °C. Under these environmental conditions, the VSP system provided better results for TSS, berry weight and acidity than the Y system, which could be seen more clearly in 2005-2006 due to lower rainfall.

El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la maduración de uvas Cabernet Sauvignon bajo dos sistemas de conducción: sistema en Y y sistema de espaldera alta (VSP). Las viñas han sido cultivadas recientemente en la ciudad de São Joaquim, Estado de Santa Catarina (Brasil), a 1160m de altitud. Las uvas fueron muestreadas para el análisis de su maduración en dos vendimias consecutivas, 2004-2005 y 2005-2006, cada 10 días, desde envero a cosecha. Parámetros del mesoclima también fueron determinados. Los resultados muestran que a madurez, en ambas vendimias los valores de acidez total (TA) fluctuaron entre 0,67 y 0,85 g-100 mL-1 de ácido tartárico y el pH entre 3,49 y 3,77. En general, TA a madurez fue más baja en 2004-2005 que en 2005-2006. El índice de maduración (sólidos solubles totales/TA) en la madurez varió desde 26 a 35, y fue más alto para bayas cultivadas en VSP. Se observaron diferencias significativas en los valores de antocianas y en el índice de los polifenoles totales (TPI); la vendimia y el clima explicaron las fuertes diferencias entre los niveles de antocianas y TPI. Las condiciones climáticas influyeron fuertemente en la calidad de la uva. En Sao Joaquim, el clima fue clasificado como 'Región III', según la Escala de Winkler, una región cálida (1668 a 1944 °C). En general, el sistema VSP dio mejores resultados en lo referente a TSS, peso de la baya y acidez los que se percibieron más claramente en 2006 debido al menor nivel de precipitaciones.

Antocianinas são pigmentos fenólicos com potencial para substituição dos corantes artificiais vermelhos; porém, estes se apresentam instáveis frente ao processamento de alimentos, sendo a temperatura um dos principais fatores envolvidos na degradação da cor destes pigmentos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a concentração de compostos fenólicos e a capacidade antioxidante de um sistema modelo de geléia de uvas (SMG) Isabel (Vitis labrusca) e Refosco (Vitis vinifera L.) elaborado a 45 °C, utilizando como agente espessante uma mistura de gomas xantana e locusta. Nos SMGs elaborados, avaliou-se a estabilidade dos pigmentos antociânicos e determinou-se polifenóis totais (IPT), antocianinas totais (AT). A atividade antioxidante foi medida utilizando os métodos de captura de radicais estáveis como o radical DPPH (2,2-difenil-1-picril-hidrazila) e o radical ABTS (2,2’-azino-bis-(3-etilbenzotiazolina-6-ácido sulfônico)). Avaliou-se também a concentração de AT nos extratos de uvas utilizados na elaboração do SMG. Um alto coeficiente de correlação foi encontrado entre AT e IPT dos SMGs e a atividade antioxidante. Os melhores resultados quanto à concentração de IPT, AT e em relação à atividade antioxidante foram obtidos para o SMG elaborado com uva Refosco. O método utilizado para a elaboração dos SMGs foi efetivo na preservação da cor antocianinas e das propriedades antioxidantes dos compostos fenólicos totais avaliados.

Anthocyanins are phenolic pigments with a potential for replacing synthetic red dyes. However, their stability is affected by food processing, and temperature is one of the main factors involved in these pigments’ color degradation. The aim of this work was to evaluate the concentration of phenolic compounds and the antioxidant capacity of a grape jelly model system (JMS). The grape varieties used here were Isabel (Vitis labrusca) and Refosco (Vitis vinifera L.) and the jelly was cooked at 45 °C, using a mixture of xanthan gum and locust bean gum as the thickening agent. Two JMSs were prepared and analyzed to determine their anthocyanin stability, total polyphenol index (TPI) and total anthocyanin content (TA). The antioxidant activity was measured by the DPPH and ABTS radical-scavenging methods. The TA concentration was also determined in the grape extracts used in the preparation of the JMSs. The best results in terms of TPI, TA and antioxidant activity were obtained for the JMS produced with Refosco grapes. A high correlation coefficient was found between the TA and TPI in the JMSs and the antioxidant activity. The method used in the production of the JMSs was effective in preserving the color of anthocyanins and the antioxidant properties of the total phenolic compounds evaluated here.

This paper deals with the schooling structure of Brazilian-sardine, Sardinella brasiliensis (Steindachner, 1879), in coastal waters of Rio de Janeiro State (Brazil). Samples were obtained from schools caught by commercial fishery in the area of Angra dos Reis (23º-24ºS, 44º-45ºW), from autumn/1999 to summer/2000, comprising 2,278 fishes. In average, males had total lengths and weights lower than those of females, with major differences in weights. Seasonal fluctuations of average total weights are associated with the annual reproduction cycle and condition factor, mainly in females. Sex-ratio was around 1:1, except in winter, when females were in majority. Mature males and females were found all along the year, with a peak in the spring-summer, showing a long reproduction period of successive spawning of reproducers in a same school, since individual spawning is complete. Total lengths when 50% of fishes are mature differ between males (18.2 cm) and females (19.2 cm). The schools can be considered as spawning schools, as they were found in a spawning ground, and consisted almost exclusively of adults, with a long annual reproduction period.